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Sample Illustration:
Papyrus 1, P. Oxy. 2; E 2746
Date: c. 250
University of Pennsylvania Library
The front side (recto) of the Gospel of
Matthew 1:1-9,12
Discovered by Grenfell and Hunt, Oxyrhynchus,
Egypt, 1896
The Ancient Words
Greek New Testament provides a merged text derived from the Alexandrian and
the Byzantine textual classics: Stephanus
1550, and, Nestle 1904. Over 4,000 textual variants between the two
text-types are clearly documented, providing a one-source solution for
identifying the Greek variants behind the translation of most classic and
modern English New Testaments.
The Alexandrian and Byzantine texts, represented by Stephanus 1550 and Nestle 1904, where in agreement, form a common base-text for the Ancient Words Greek New Testament.
Variants between the Alexandrian and Byzantine texts are
presented in-line without bias using square brackets [Alexandrian] and
parentheses (Byzantine). Thus, both text-types are honored without prejudice,
allowing the reader equal and objective access to two of the most respected
ancient Greek New Testament base-texts in one convenient document.
The variants among most modern English Bible translations
are addressed in the Ancient Words Greek
New Testament so the Greek reader can quickly identify and follow the
source texts during live teachings or while listening to prerecorded audio.
Stephanus 1550 and
Nestle 1904 represent two of the most
respected and broad-based Greek source-texts for the English New
Testament. The modern version of the Authorized King James Bible draws its
New Testament portions primarily from Stephanus
1550. Stephanus standardized the
chapter-and-verse numbering system used today and Stephanus IV was the chief base-text of the Geneva Bible, making the Stephanus texts the official New Testament
Greek source of the Protestant Movement for more than 300 years. The Alexandrian text-type is represented by
Eberhard Nestle's, The New Testament:
Text with Critical Apparatus, published by The British And Foreign Bible
Society.
Images of ancient papyri and parchments are displayed on the
first page of each New Testament book. The photographs of these priceless
treasures have been digitally enhanced to make the Greek text more legible.
The 2012 edition of the Dodson
Greek-English Lexicon by John Jeffrey Dodson is included to provide concise
English definitions for most of the Greek words contained in this compilation.
Public domain Greek source texts:
Stephanus 1550,
Robertus Stephanus – Novum Testamentum,
Publisher: Paris, 1550, Third Edition, Author: Robertus Stephanus. "Robert Estienne (a.k.a. Stephanus)
published four Greek New Testaments in the sixteenth century (1546, 1549, 1550,
and 1551). The first three editions of
his Novum Testamentum were published
in Paris, the fourth in Geneva. His third edition of 1550 was affectionately
known as Editio Regia, because of the
magnificent Greek font and large folio size of the codex. Not only the most handsome, the 1550
Stephanus is also the most important of his texts. This was the first published Greek New
Testament to have a textual apparatus.
Stephanus examined 15 manuscripts and listed several of their readings
in the margins of his Editio Regia. Stephanus’ fourth edition was the first to
have verse divisions in it, a feature that Stephanus invented to help the
reader more easily compare the two Latin translations and the Greek that are
found in the fourth edition. Though the
text of the third and fourth editions was virtually identical, the fourth became
the basis for the Geneva Bible, the
first Bible translation to have verse divisions. The 1550 Stephanus also became the standard
text to be used as a collating base for countless collations of Greek New
Testament manuscripts."
Source: <http://www.csntm.org/printedbook/viewbook/RobertusStephanusNovumTestamentum1550>
The New Testament:
Text with Critical Apparatus was published by The British And Foreign Bible
Society (aka. Nestle 1904). The British And Foreign Bible Society, 146
Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., 1904; now in the public domain. Eberhard Nestle, May 1, 1851, Stuttgart –
March 9, 1913, Stuttgart.
Nestle's text of the Greek
New Testament was first published by the Bible Society of Wurttemberg at
Stuttgart in 1898. "The text is the
resultant of a collation of three of the principal resensions of the Greek New Testament
which appeared in the latter half of the 19th century, viz. those of
Tischendorf, editio octava 1869-72 (as reproduced in the 4th edition by Oskar
von Gebhardt, 1898); of Westcott and Hort, 1881 (impression of 1895); and of D.
Bernhard Weiss, 1894-1900 (second edition 1902). The readings adopted in the text are those in
which at least two of these editions agree. An exception to this rule has been made in the
case of St. John v. 3, 4, and vii. 53-viii. 11.
These passages have been retained in the text, but they are placed
within special marks." - from the "Advertisement" of the Greek New Testament, p. v.
Ancient Words Greek
New Testament in-line apparatus:
Square brackets [ ] indicate the enclosed variant is
contained in Nestle 1904.
Curved brackets ( ) indicate the enclosed variant is
contained in Stephanus 1550.
Example: Matthew 1:19, Ἰωσὴφ δὲ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς, δίκαιος ὢν καὶ
μὴ θέλων αὐτὴν [δειγματίσαι] (παραδειγματίσαι), ἐβουλήθη λάθρᾳ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτήν.
Where only one type of bracket occurs in a verse, the
bracketed word, or phrase, is contained only in the source indicated by the
type of bracket used.
Example: Δαυεὶδ δὲ (ὁ βασιλεὺς) ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ
τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου.
"ὁ βασιλεὺς" occurs in the above verse only in
Stephanus 1550.
Asterisks * immediately inside of a bracket indicates that
the text was included in the text of
either, Nestle 1904 or Stephanus 1550, with reservations, or as a concession to
popular demand for the inclusion of such verses. The asterisks are not meant to indicate any
degree of judgment by the editors of the Ancient
Words Greek New Testament.
Example: Luke 24:40, [*(καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν [ἔδειξεν] (ἐπέδειξεν)
αὐτοῖς τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τοὺς πόδας.)*]
This verse is contained in both source-texts with the variants indicated
within the verse. However, the asterisk
inside the square bracket indicates that verse 40 was presented in Nestle 1904 as a concession. Because no asterisk appears inside the
parentheses, Stephanus 1550 accepts
the validity of the verse.
Criteria for recognition of variants in this compilation:
Variants in Greek word order, although rarely changing the
English meaning, have generally been noted as variants. These notations have been included to aid the
reader in identifying emphatic phrases and to make the text easier to follow
when listening to audio presentations.
Once the simple conventions for identifying the texts by their brackets becomes
natural, the eye quickly recognizes and follows the particular source-text of
interest.
Minor variants such as spelling differences are generally
not addressed. Examples: [Μωϋσεῖ]
(Μωσῇ), [Ἡλείας] (Ἠλίας), [Δαυεὶδ](Δαβὶδ).
Common contractions have also not been noted as
variants. Example: [Διὰ τί] (Διατί).
Capitalization of deific nouns has been honored. Most early New Testament manuscripts
incorporate nomina sacra, making it
inappropriate to dishonor the intention of the scribes of the ancient texts,
who set the names for the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit apart from the common
text.
For the sake of audible transcription most variants that
cause disruption to the syllable count, and conspicuous variations in hard
consonants, have been noted. Movable
ending ν's and ς's have generally not been included as variants. A primary consideration in this compilation
was to avoid interruption in the natural flow of the text.
The decision to include instances of word-order was
made out of a determination that the reader deserves the privilege of making
the final selection. Prosaic and poetic
Greek nuances are often observable in each base-text based on the structure of
the sentences. The reader will note that
these variations occur most often in the opening and closing sentences of
certain paragraphs. 